The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences of the gingival surface characteristics among the several types of periodontal disease. Twenty-five individuals clinically diagnosed as normal gingiva, dilantin hyperplasia, recurrent aphthous ulcer, desquamative gingivitis, advanced periodontitis and periodontal abscess were selected for the study. Mainly keratinized gingival surface lesions were examined in scanning electron microscopy. The results were as follows
1. While in normal gingiva, gingival epithelia were square or polygonal shape and divided markedly by raised intercellular border, in dilantin hyperplasia, gingival epithelia were square or polygonal shape similar to normal gingiva, in recurrent aphthous ulcer, rectangular shape with exfoliating and flat cell periphery and in desquamative gingivitis, spindle-like polygonal or diamond shape. Gingival epithelia of the above had even surface similar to normal gingiva. In advanced periodontitis, gingival epithelia were convex oval or polygonal shape and had obscure intercellular border and in periodontal abscess, rectangular shape with exfoliating and rolling cell periphery like fallen leaves. Gingival epithelia of the above had not even surface. 2. While in normal gingiva, gingival epithelia were 10-30,u in length .in advanced periodontitis, gingival epithelia were 18-23,u in length, in dilantin hyperplasia. 18-2911 in length, in desquamative gingivitis, 15-40,u in length, in periodontal abscess, 27-40,u in length and in recurrent aphthous ulcer, 40-42 /1 in length. While in normal gingiva, gingival epithelia had a honeycomb appearance or pitted appearance and microridges were observed apparently, in dilantin hyperplasia, some of gingival epithelia were similar to normal gingiva and some had finger print appearance, in advanced periodontitis, gingival epithelia had another larger honeycomb appearance than normal gingiva and microridges fused with each other, in recurrent aphthous ulcer, gingival epithelia had many crater-like depressions and in periodontal abscess. gingival epithelia had irregularly grown up microvilli due to disintegration of microridges.
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